when-present<#else>when-missing. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)?? ---- ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: ${urlProtocol} [in template "layout/common/smartly/index.ftl" at line 10, column 29] - Reached through: #include "${tileDefinition.template}" [in template "layout.ftl" at line 2, column 1] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToTextualCommon(EvalUtil.java:490) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:410) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:379) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.calculateInterpolatedStringOrMarkup(DollarVariable.java:104) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:63) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:344) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:350) at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:3139) at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:344) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:350) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:323) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.processTemplate(FreeMarkerView.java:441) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.doRender(FreeMarkerView.java:345) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.renderMergedTemplateModel(FreeMarkerView.java:296) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateView.renderMergedOutputModel(AbstractTemplateView.java:181) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:307) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1305) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1042) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:980) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:866) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1003) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:892) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:874) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:710) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:128) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:107) at com.smartwcm.config.TrailingSlashForwardFilter.doFilter(TrailingSlashForwardFilter.java:30) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:107) at org.springframework.web.filter.CompositeFilter$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(CompositeFilter.java:108) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.lambda$doFilterInternal$3(FilterChainProxy.java:235) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:371) at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.AuthorizationFilter.doFilter(AuthorizationFilter.java:101) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter.doFilter(ExceptionTranslationFilter.java:126) at org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter.doFilter(ExceptionTranslationFilter.java:120) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.java:100) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.java:181) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter.doFilter(RequestCacheAwareFilter.java:63) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.doFilter(AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java:245) at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.doFilter(AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java:239) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.security.oauth2.client.web.OAuth2AuthorizationRequestRedirectFilter.doFilterInternal(OAuth2AuthorizationRequestRedirectFilter.java:195) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:110) at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:96) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter.doFilterInternal(CorsFilter.java:91) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doHeadersAfter(HeaderWriterFilter.java:90) at org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doFilterInternal(HeaderWriterFilter.java:75) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextHolderFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextHolderFilter.java:82) at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextHolderFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextHolderFilter.java:69) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.doFilterInternal(WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.java:62) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.security.web.session.DisableEncodeUrlFilter.doFilterInternal(DisableEncodeUrlFilter.java:42) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:380) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilterInternal(FilterChainProxy.java:237) at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:195) at org.springframework.web.filter.CompositeFilter$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(CompositeFilter.java:113) at org.springframework.web.filter.ServletRequestPathFilter.doFilter(ServletRequestPathFilter.java:52) at org.springframework.web.filter.CompositeFilter$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(CompositeFilter.java:113) at org.springframework.web.filter.CompositeFilter.doFilter(CompositeFilter.java:74) at org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfiguration$CompositeFilterChainProxy.doFilter(WebSecurityConfiguration.java:317) at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.invokeDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:355) at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:272) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:107) at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:107) at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:107) at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:125) at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.ErrorPageFilter$1.doFilterInternal(ErrorPageFilter.java:100) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:118) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:107) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:199) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:107) at org.springframework.web.filter.ForwardedHeaderFilter.doFilterInternal(ForwardedHeaderFilter.java:174) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:165) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:77) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:482) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:113) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:83) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:654) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:72) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:341) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:397) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:903) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1778) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:946) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:480) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:57) at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1474)